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A target memory is what students are required to recall from long-term memory and is also referred to in cognitive psychology as the ‘target trace.’ Target memories can include facts, vocabulary, [...]

Dylan Wiliam and Paul Black originally defined formative assessment as: “encompassing all those activities undertaken by teachers, and/or their students, which provide information to be used as [...]

Multiple-choice questions should contain a question (known as the stem), the correct answer (key) and distractors (other plausible options). Multiple-choice questions can be used at different [...]

Great questioning in the classroom (and beyond) promotes deep thinking, helping students connect and elaborate on ideas.  Great questioning to assess thinking helps teachers plan and adapt their [...]

‘Lethal mutations in education and how to prevent them’ was co-authored by Kate Jones, Senior Associate for Teaching and Learning here at EBE, and Dylan Wiliam, who sits on our [...]